When it comes to disease transmission, mosquitoes are among the most significant vectors, capable of spreading a wide range of potentially deadly illnesses. As you plan your upcoming travels, you must be aware of the significant mosquito-borne diseases and take necessary precautions to protect yourself from mosquito bites. In this blog post, we’ll explore the top five disease vectors carried by mosquitoes and provide essential tips to safeguard your health while on the road!
Diseases that can transmitted by mosquitoes*:
Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases that can be transmitted to humans through their bites. Here are the 5 major disease vectors transmitted by mosquitoes.
Major diseases #1 – Malaria^
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms usually appear 10–15 days after the infective mosquito bite in a non-immune individual. It’s prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and can lead to severe fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms.
Major diseases #2 – Dengue Fever^
Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, can lead to birth defects in infants. Zika virus can cause symptoms like high fever, rash, muscle/joint pain, and headaches. Symptoms typically last 2-7 days.
Major diseases #3 – Zika Virus^
The Zika virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is known to cause fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. It has been particularly concerning due to its association with birth defects in babies born to infected mothers. This mosquito-borne disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, with outbreaks occurring in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. While many cases are asymptomatic, the symptoms typically last for 2-7 days in those affected.
Major diseases #4 – Chikungunya^
Chikungunya is a viral disease mainly found in Africa and Asia. Symptoms appear 4-7 days after mosquito bite, including fever, severe joint pain, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue, and rash. While not usually fatal, joint pain can last for weeks. Early recognition and management of symptoms are essential for relieving discomfort.
Major diseases #5 – Yellow Fever
Yellow fever, a vaccine-preventable mosquito-borne disease, is caused by an arbovirus transmitted through bites of infected Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes. These day-biting mosquitoes breed domestically, in forests, or both. With a 3-6 day incubation period, many remain asymptomatic, while others experience fever, muscle pain, headache, appetite loss, nausea, or vomiting for 3-4 days. This high-threat disease poses a potential global health risk due to its international spread.
How can we prevent diseases transmitted by mosquitoes while traveling?
There are several vital points to remember when it comes to preventing diseases transmitted by mosquitoes while traveling. Here are six significant measures you can take:
#1 – Use insect repellent
Apply a mosquito repellent pat, spray or lotion to exposed skin and clothing containing DEET or other recommended active and natural ingredients.
#2 – Wear appropriate clothing
Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and closed-toe shoes to cover your body as much as possible, especially during peak mosquito activity times, such as dawn and dusk.
#3 – Stay in screened or air-conditioned accommodations
Choose accommodations with properly fitted screens on windows and doors or places with air conditioning.
#4 – Avoid mosquito breeding grounds
Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, so avoid areas with standing water, such as ponds, marshes, and stagnant pools.
#5 – Additional vaccinations or medications
Research and stay informed about the specific destinations you plan to visit. Understand the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases in those areas and take extra precautions if necessary. For example, some regions may require vaccinations or medications.
#6 – Seek medical advice
Before traveling to regions known for mosquito-borne diseases, consult with a healthcare professional or travel medicine specialist.
Remember, prevention is crucial in minimizing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases. Following these measures can significantly reduce your chances of contracting illnesses such as malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, or chikungunya while traveling.
Source:
* Diseases that can be Transmitted by Mosquitoes
https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/mosquitoborne/diseases.html
^ Information of the diseases of mosquitoes bite
https://www.who.int/health-topics/malaria#tab=tab_1
